Internet is a very large network joining computers from different organizations such as governments, universities and corporations together and providing different services such as E-mail, bulletin boards, file archives, hypertext documents, databases and other computational resources
ARPAnet (1968) ¡V created by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) with the goal to establish a computer network that enable the military to remain in contact and control of its forces in the event of a nuclear attack.
NSFNET (1986) -- the National Science Foundation (NSF) took control of ARPAnet, and renamed it into NSFNET.
WWW (1991) -- developed at the European Particle Physics Institute (CERN) by Tim Berners-Lee.
o Connection Types
Nowadays, the most common connection types are dial-up connection and broadband connection. Dial-up connection is available in most places in HK with connection speed around 56Kbps, while broadband connection is much faster (from 1M to 6M) but the service is not available in all the districts.
o Devices
For the dial-up connection, the hardware requirement is simple, you only need to install a modem to convert the signal from digital to analog and from analog to digital during the data communication process. For broadband connection, you have to install different hardware devices depending on the services, the network card, the modem (Cable or ADSL) amd the splitter.
o Setup a Connection
1. Press the Start button and choose Control Panel ˆj Network Connections.
2. Click on Create a new connection to start the New Connection Wizard.
3. Select Connect to the Internet and press Next button.
4. Select Set up my connection manually and press Next button.
5. For the Internet Connection, select Connect using a dial-up modem for dial-up connection. Or select Connect using a broadband connection for broadband connection.
6. If the connection type is dial-up, you have to select the modem device, provide the dial-up phone number, the user name and password for the connection.
7. If the broadband connection is time-based, choose Connect using a broadband connection that requires a user name and password, and provide the user name and password for the connection. If the broadband connection is permanent, choose Connect using a broadband connection that is always on.
8. Follow the instructions on the screen to continue the setup.
9. Finally, enable the Add a shortcut to this connection to my desktop option and press Finish button to finish.
o TCP/IP Configuration
1. Press the Start button and choose Control Panel ˆj Network Connections.
2. Right click on the connection created and choose Properties from the pop-up menu.
3. Highlight Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click the Properties button.
4. In the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties window, choose Obtain an IP address automatically and Obtain DNS server address automatically if the connection is dial-up or time-based broadband.
5. If the connection is a permanent broadband connection, choose Use the following IP address, and provide the information including the IP address, Subnet mask and Default Gateway. Choose Use the following DNS server addresses and provide the IP addresses of the DNS servers.
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IP address and DNS
Each computer connected to the internet requires an identification number called Internet Protocol(IP) address. Each IP address consists of four groups of digits and can be ranged from 0 to 255, e.g. 169.21.22.89 is a valid IP address. However, since it is difficult to remember the IP address of a web site, so we usually represent the address in the form of host name or domain name (e.g. www.abc.com) which is easier to remember. When we type a domain name in the browser or other services, it will look up for the IP address with DNS. Domain Name Service (DNS) is a service which stores the hierarchical domain information and the corresponding IP address information. After getting the IP address, it will use the IP address to connect to the server.
o Use a Connection
1. Double click on the shortcut on the desktop.
2. The connection dialogue box appears with the information you provided in the setup procedure. Change the information in the dialogue box if necessary or press the Dial/Connect button to make the connection.
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3. After the user authentication (if necessary), you will be connected to the Internet. If the connection is not successful, please check the information provided in the setup procedure.
Note
This is only a general outline of the procedure in setting up a connection. Your ISP connection may be different from this. Please refer back to the user guide for detail.
o Useful Resources
i-Cable
http://www.i-cable.com/cs/cbs-tech/home.html
Netvigator
http://www2.netvigator.com/services/techsupp/bb/index_c.html
Hong Kong Broadband
http://www.ichannel.com.hk/ichannel2000/hkbn_promote/user_guide/content.html
HK BroadBand User Zone
http://www.hkultraline.com/
¼eÀW¤Þ¤Oºô
http://adsl.iseasy.com.tw/
3. World Wide Web (WWW)
The World Wide Web (WWW) is the most popular component of the Internet. The content of the web varied from text to multimedia such as images, sound clips and video clips and a majority of them are written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). HTML provides a convenient way for the web sites to connect together using the hyperlink.
In order to connect to the WWW, you have to install a web browser, common browsers include Netscape Communicator, Internet Explorer, Opera, etc.
Client/Server Model
In additional to WWW, other services of the Internet also employ the Client/Server Model. Computers provide different kinds of services are called Servers, and computers connect to the servers requesting for the services are called Clients. The role of a computer is usually achieved by the software programs, such as web servers (IIS, Apache) and web client browsers (Internet Explorer, Netscape).
Interface of Internet Explorer 6
(http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/default.asp)
1. Menu bar: Provides a list of commands which are organized into different menu lists
2. Toolbar: Provides quick access to some of the common commands of the browser
3. Address bar: Provides place to enter the URL of a web site
4. Main Window: Displays the content of a web page
5. Status bar: Shows the connection status, including the page loading speed
URL
Uniform Resources Locator (URL) is a notation used to specify the location of resources found in the Internet. It consists of the following parts:
http://www.scs.cuhk.edu.hk/csit/resources.htm
Protocol: the communication method or service used by computers (e.g. http, ftp, telnet)
Host: the host name or domain name of the computer (e.g. www.scs.cuhk.edu.hk)
Port: a communication channel specified by the protocol
Directory (optional): the directory where the resource is stored on the server
Filename (optional): the file corresponding to the resource
Enter the URL of a web site in the Address bar and press Enter.
OR
Choose from menu File ˆj Open, and in the Open dialogue box, enter the URL of a web site in the Open text box and press OK.
Retrieve previous URLs from Address bar
You can retrieve a list of web sites typed before by pressing the down arrow next to the Address bar.
o Hyperlink
Move the mouse pointer to a hyperlink and click on it. A new page will be loaded in the browser.
Common characteristics of a hyperlink:
¡P Most of them are text, but other media is also possible
¡P Text in blue color and underline
¡P Mouse pointer will change from arrow to finger when you points to it
Note:
To open a hyperlink in a new browser window, you can hold the Shift key when you click on a hyperlink.
o Move backward and forward
1. After navigated a number of web sites, press Backward button on the toolbar to move back to the site visited before, hold down the Backward button and a list of sites will appear and you can choose from it.
2. After visited the sites backward in step 1, press Forward button on the toolbar to move forward to the web sites visited before, hold down the Forward button and you can choose from a list of sites you have visited before.
o Stop loading a page
Press the Stop button on the toolbar if a page has loaded for a long time with no response.
o Reload a page
Press the Reload button on the toolbar if you want to reload a page (to load it again).
o Add a site to Favorite
1. Browse to the desired website and choose from menu Favorites ˆj Add To Favorites, the Add Favorite dialogue box will appear.
2. In the Add Favorite dialogue box, type a meaningful description in the Name text box (you can also use the default name). Press OK to add the site to the Favorite list.
o Go to a site in Favorite
Choose from menu Favorites ˆj (the description of a web site in Favorite list) and the selected web site will open in the browser.
o Delete a site from Favorite
Choose from menu Favorites and right-click on the web site in the list and select Delete from the pop up menu. Press Yes to confirm the removal.
o Organize the sites in Favorite
1. Choose from menu Favorites ˆj Organize Favorites.
2. Re-arrange the web sites in the Favorite list by dragging a site to a new position or using the buttons on the right.
Create Folder ¡V Create a folder to hold the favorite web sites with related topics
Rename ¡V Rename the description of the web sites
Move to Folder ¡V Move a web site to a desired folder which is related
Delete ¡V Remove a web site from the Favorite
Homepage
The word homepage can have two meanings: (1) the first page loaded when you open the browser. (2) The entrance of the web site, usually have special file name, e.g. index.htm.
o Go to the Home Page
Open the browse and the homepage will load automatically.
OR
Press the Home button on the toolbar.
o Change the Home Page
Choose form menu View ˆj Internet Options. Select the General tab and enter the URL in the Address text box, and press OK.
Browse to the desired web site and choose from menu View ˆj Internet Options. Select the General tab click on Use Current button and press OK.
o Restore the default Home Page
Choose form menu View ˆj Internet Options. Select the General tab and click on Use Default button and press OK.
o Open the history list
1. Click on History button on the toolbar and the History panel will display on the left of the browser window.
2. Click on a web site on the History list to visit it again.
o Different views of History List
Arrange the web sites in the History by choosing View (in the history panel) ˆj By Date, By Site, By Most Visited or By Order Visited Today.
o Search the History List
Click on Search in the history panel, type your keyword in the Search for text box and press Search Now button to start the searching.
o Clear the History List
Choose from menu Tools ˆj Internet Options and select the General tab, press Clear History button to clear the history record.
Choose from menu File ˆj Save As, the Save Web Page dialogue box will appear. In the dialogue box, choose the location to store the file, the file type and provide a name for the file.
Different file types available and the details are listed below:
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Web Page, complete (htm) |
Save the file in HTML format with the graphics in it as separated files |
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Web Archive, single file (mht) |
Save the file into a single file |
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Web Page, HTML only (htm) |
Save the file in HTML format without the graphics |
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Text File (txt) |
Save the file in plain text format |
Right click on the image in a web page and from the pop up menu choose Save Picture As. In the Save Picture dialogue box, choose the location and to save the image.
o Download a program
1. Click on the hyperlink which link to a program, the File Download dialogue box will appear.
2. Click on the Open button to run the program without saving it. Or click on the Save button to store the file in the computer.
o Download a file
Right-click on the hyperlink which link to a file and select Save Target As from the pop up menu to store the file in the computer.
What is the difference between saving a program and a file?
l Plug-in are only available for files but not for programs. When you click on the hyperlink which link to a file and plug-in has been installed for the file format, the browser will open the file and display the content in the browser directly.
l Program can execute independently, but file requires the programs associated with when opening it.
Plug-in
Web browsers usually can display only text and graphics, when the web page contains other kinds of media, such as Quicktime movie, PDF document or Word document, plug-ins (helping programs) are required to display the file content in the browser window.
Choose from menu File ˆj Open, and in the Open dialogue box, click the Browse button to browse the page you want to open and press Open to open it.
1. Choose from menu File ˆj Print, the Print dialogue box will appear. (If you click Print button on the toolbar, the page will send directly to the printer)
2. Select different options in the Print dialogue box, including (1) the desired printer, (2) the number of copies and (3) page ranges.
3. Press Print button to send the page to the printer.
If you wan to have a preview of the web page before printing it, you can choose from menu File ˆj Print Preview.
Notes: The page header and footer of a page can be customized by the printing code. For a detailed list of the codes, please refer to the following URL http://www.uwec.edu/help/Internet/headfoot-ie5.htm
o To configure a proxy server
1. Choose from menu Tools ˆj Internet Options and select the Connection tab.
2. Click on either the Settings button (for dialup) or LAN Settings button (for LAN) depending on the network connection type.
3. Enable the Use a proxy server option and enter the address and port number of the proxy server in the text boxes and click OK button.
Internet Explorer 5 in the Classroom
http://www.actden.com/IE5/index.htm
WSG Tutorials -Internet Explorer 5.x
http://www.websearchguide.ca/tutorials/tocie5win.htm
One of the common ways to locate resources in the Internet is using the site directories and the search engines. There are a number of search engines in the Internet, including Yahoo, Altavista, Google, etc. Using more than one search engines during the searching can often yield better and more complete results.
(http://www.google.com)
1. Web ¡V Search in the WWW
2. Directory ¡V Site Directory
3. Keyword ¡V Type the keywords for searching in web or directory
4. Directory List ¡V Google¡¦s site directory topics and sub-topics
1. Click on Directory tab in Google, or enter the URL (http://directory.google.com/). The directory topics and sub-topics where web pages are categorized into will list below.
2. Click on the directory topics in the following order to search for sharewares, Computers > Software > Shareware > Directories.
3. A list of web sites under the sub-category will return and they are arranged in a order of relevancy.
1. Click on Web tab in Google.
2. Type the keywords ¡§Chinese Univesity SCS¡¨ in the text box and press the Google Search button to search for School of Continuing Studies of Chinese University website.
1. Results -- The search results are usually arranged in an order of relevancy and divided into a number of pages with each page containing 10 result entries.
2. Result Entry ¡V Each result entry consists of the detail information of the web page which match the keyword: the title, a summary, the URL, the file size. Results from the same web site are usually grouped together.
3. Cached ¡V A cached version of the web page stored in Google which is useful when the web page is no longer available.
o Search Command and Logical Operator
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Command/Operator |
Description |
Example |
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+ (plus sign) |
The result must contain the keyword |
Star Wars Episode +I |
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- (minus sign) |
The result must not contain the keyword |
bass -music |
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¡§¡¨(quotation marks) |
The keyword is a specific term |
"all about eve" |
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OR |
Selection of keywords |
Dictionary English OR French |
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site: |
Domain restriction |
admission site:www.stanford.edu |
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link: |
Checking linkage to a page |
link:www.google.com |
WSG Tutorials - Research
http://www.websearchguide.ca/tutorials/tocres.htm
Google Help
http://www.google.com/help/
